Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 1997 · 23 citations · 0 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectrochemistryMaterials ChemistryThin FilmsAnode MaterialsElectrochemical CellsElectrochemical Energy StorageElectrode KineticsElectrode MaterialsWorking ElectrodesElectrochemical DurabilityElectrochemical MeasurementsElectrode CoatingsElectrode DegradationElectrode Degradation MechanismsRutherford Backscattering SpectrometryRutherford ScatteringThin-film Electrodes
electrodes 5000 Å thick, which mimic the dimensionally stable anodes in composition and the method of preparation, were prepared and tested for their activity toward the chlorine evolution reaction and subjected to lifetime testing in sulfuric acid solution. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used concurrently with electrochemical measurements to analyze the changes in the ruthenium content of the coating. The decrease in electrode activity was found to be closely linked to a decrease in the Ru content, and the measured profiles indicate that the loss takes place across the thin coating. Failure is observed for electrodes with a Ru content below the critical concentration of 3 × 1021 Ru atom/cm3, but there is no evidence for the buildup of a pure layer.