Multiagent reinforcement learning in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

The Evolution of Cooperation

Robert Axelrod, W D Hamilton · Science · 1981 · 20.3K citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Evolutionary Biology +17

Finding Structure in Time

Jeffrey L. Elman · Cognitive Science · 1990 · 10.8K citations

Social Sciences, Computer Science, Psychology +16

Learning from delayed rewards

Chris Watkins · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 1989 · 5.5K citations

Computing, Behavioral Sciences, Machine Learning +9

A Learning Algorithm for Continually Running Fully Recurrent Neural Networks

Ronald J. Williams, David Zipser · Neural Computation · 1989 · 4.5K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +7

Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences

Richard S. Sutton · Machine Learning · 1988 · 4K citations · Full text

Computing, Computer Science, Forecasting +11