Wolf number changes in Bieszczady National Park, Poland

Abstract

From 1991 to 1995, wolf Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758) population dynamics were studied in Bieszczady National Park and the surrounding area (520 km2). The study areas was utilized by 5 packs. Pack sizes averaged 5.6 in early and 3.9 in late winter. Overwinter declines in wolf numbers ranged from 21% to 39% (x = 29%), which corresponded well to the known number of wolves killed by hunters or dead of other causes.