Science · 1998 · 790 citations · 55 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesSoil SciencesAtmospheric ChemistryGeochemistrySoil ChemistryEnvironmental GeochemistryPollution HistorySoil PollutionAnthropogenic DepositsAtmospheric DepositionAtmospheric Elemental DepositionLead BiogeochemistryLead DepositsLead PollutionSoil Erosion ProcessesYounger Dryas Circulation
A Swiss peat bog preserves a continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 14C yr BP. Lead fluxes peaked during the Younger Dryas (~10,590 14C yr BP) and 8230 14C yr BP, increased after 5320 14C yr BP due to erosion, rose sharply from 3000 14C yr BP with mining and smelting, and reached a maximum of 15.7 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹ in 1979—about 1570 × the natural background.
A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog. Enhanced fluxes caused by climate changes reached their maxima 10, 590 (14)C yr BP (Younger Dryas) and 8230 (14)C yr BP. Soil erosion caused by forest clearing and agricultural tillage increased lead deposition after 5320 (14)C yr BP. Increasing lead/scandium and decreasing lead-206/lead-207 beginning 3000 (14)C yr BP indicate the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since. The greatest lead flux (15.7 milligrams per square meter per year in A.D. 1979) was 1570 times the natural, background value (0.01 milligram per square meter per year from 8030 to 5320 (14)C yr BP).
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