Physical Review Letters · 1993 · 1.9K citations · 11 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsMathematical PhysicsTheoretical PhysicsThermodynamicsBlack HolesEntropyGeneral RelativityQuantum Field TheorySecond Law Of ThermodynamicsBlack Hole EntropyDensity MatrixDensity Matrix FormulationMassless ParticlesQuantum Black Holes
The ground-state density matrix for a massless free field is traced over the degrees of freedom residing inside an imaginary sphere; the resulting entropy is shown to be proportional to the area (and not the volume) of the sphere. Possible connections with the physics of black holes are discussed.
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Particle creation by black holes
S. W. Hawking · Communications in Mathematical Physics · 1975 · 12.9K citations
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J M Irvine · Physics Bulletin · 1980 · 2.7K citations