Agile-Beam Phased Array Radar for Weather Observations

TLDR

Conventional weather radars cannot provide volume scans in one minute or less, limiting warning lead time, whereas the proposed system also offers multipurpose use for weather, air traffic, and noncooperative aircraft tracking, making it affordable. The study presents the agile‑beam multimission phased array radar (MPAR) as a candidate for faster scanning and establishes the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) to explore advanced capabilities for a future network of weather radars. The authors introduce electronic beam steering, explain the need for frequent convective weather observations, and examine the advantages of phased array radar for weather monitoring and data quality, establishing the National Weather Radar Testbed to develop these applications. Data examples demonstrate the radar’s advantages, and future plans are outlined.

Abstract

Weather radars with conventional antenna cannot provide desired volume scan updates at intervals of one minute or less, which is essential for significant improvement in warning lead time of impending storm hazards. The agile-beam multimission phased array radar (MPAR) discussed herein is one potential candidate that can provide faster scanning. It also offers a unique potential for multipurpose use to not only sample weather, but support air traffic needs and track noncooperative airplanes, thus making it an affordable option. After introducing the basic idea behind electronic beam steering, the needs for frequent observations of convective weather are explained. Then, advantages of the phased array radar (PAR) for weather monitoring and improving data quality are examined. To explore and develop weather-related applications of the PAR, a National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) has been established in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT's main purpose is to address the advanced capabilities anticipated within the next decade so that these could be projected to a possible network of future weather radars. Examples of data illustrating advantages of this advanced radar are shown, and forthcoming plans are discussed.