Elastic Properties of Metals and Alloys. II. Copper

TLDR

The review compiles polycrystalline elastic constants (Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio) and single‑crystal second‑, third‑, and fourth‑order constants, drawing on over 200 experimental references and a few theoretical values. The authors recommend best values with standard errors when data permit, and discuss how temperature, pressure, plastic deformation, Cauchy relationships, and single‑crystal–polycrystal conversions affect the elastic constants. The study presents a comprehensive compilation and review of copper's elastic properties, providing recommended best values with associated standard errors.

Abstract

The elastic properties of copper have been compiled and reviewed. Polycrystalline elastic constants included are: Young's modulus, the shear modulus, the bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Single-crystal constants of second-, third-, and fourth-order are included. Over 200 references to the experimental literature are given. A few theoretical numbers are included. When sufficient data exist, best values are recommended together with their standard errors. Effects on the elastic constants of temperature, pressure, and mechanical (plastic) deformation are included. The Cauchy (central-force) relationships and the single-crystal—polycrystal relationship are also discussed.