The Crisis of Indian Secularism

Šumit Ganguly

Journal of democracy · 2003 · 104 citations · 4 references

Concepts

TL;DR

India’s constitution guarantees secularism, yet electoral politics—particularly Congress’s compromises and the BJP’s anti‑secular agenda—have increasingly eroded that commitment, leading to discrimination against minorities. While the BJP’s majoritarian strategy has broadened its electoral base, the rising political strength of marginalized groups, active secular institutions, and the enduring constitutional framework offer a glimmer of hope for preserving secularism.

Abstract

After fifty years of independence India maintains a constitutional commitment to secularism. However, the practice of secularism in India is now increasingly under attack. In the quest for electoral advantage, the once-dominant Congress Party, made a series of choices that compromised India's secular ethos. These choices enabled the explicitly anti-secular Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to dramatically expand its political base through the pursuit of a blatantly anti-secular and majoritarian political agenda. In recent years, as a direct consequence of the BJP's rhetoric and policies, a range of religious minorities have been subjected to discrimination and violence. Despite this adverse trend it is still too early to ring the death-knell of Indian secularism. The growing electoral strength of hitherto disenfranchised groups, the existence of institutions committed to secularism and the continuing secular constitutional dispensation offer some hope for sustaining the secular order in India.

References

4