The Paramedian Forehead Flap: A Dynamic Anatomical Vascular Study Verifying Safety and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Maximal three-vessel flow may be obtained by preserving periosteum at least 3 cm over the orbital rim and beginning the flap 7 mm above the orbital rim. The subdermal plexus of the forehead is robust, enabling preservation of the distal transverse limb of the forehead flap.