Prenatal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Exposure and Child Behavior at Age 6–7 Years

TLDR

Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widespread urban pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, and prior studies in the CCCEH cohort linked cord blood DNA adducts to attention problems in children. The study aimed to examine the association between prenatal PAH exposure and child behavioral problems at ages 6–7 years in the CCCEH cohort. Prenatal PAH exposure was quantified via maternal personal air monitoring and benzo[a]pyrene–specific DNA adducts in maternal and cord blood, while child behavior at 6–7 years was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Multivariate analyses revealed that high prenatal PAH exposure—whether defined by air monitoring above 2.27 ng/m³ or detectable BaP adducts—was significantly linked to increased anxious/depressed and attention problem symptoms.

Abstract

Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widespread urban air pollutants from fossil fuel burning and other combustion sources. We previously reported that a broad spectrum of combustion-related DNA adducts in cord blood was associated with attention problems at 6-7 years of age in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) longitudinal cohort study.We evaluated the relationship between behavioral problems and two different measures of prenatal exposure--both specific to PAH--in the same cohort.Children of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women in New York City (NYC) were followed from in utero to 6-7 years. Prenatal PAH exposure was estimated by personal air monitoring of the mothers during pregnancy as well as by the measurement of DNA adducts specific to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a representative PAH, in maternal and cord blood. At 6-7 years of age, child behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (n = 253). Generalized linear models were used to test the association between prenatal PAH exposure and behavioral outcomes.In multivariate analyses, high prenatal PAH exposure, whether characterized by personal air monitoring (greater than the median of 2.27 ng/m³) or maternal and cord adducts (detectable or higher), was positively associated with symptoms of Anxious/Depressed and Attention Problems (p ≤ 0.05).These results provide additional evidence that environmental levels of PAH encountered in NYC air can adversely affect child behavior.