The challenge of driving through change: Introducing congestion charging in central London

Abstract

A congestion charging scheme was introduced in central London in by Transport for London in 2003. The benefits of the charging scheme include: (1) congestion reduction, (2) radical improvements in bus services, (3) improvement of travel time reliability for automobile users, and (4) improvement of efficiency of goods and services distribution. This article discusses the history of congestion charging in central London, and relates how effectively the charging scheme has met its goals.