Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 released from glycosaminoglycans mediates its profibrotic effects in systemic sclerosis via the release of interleukin‐4 from T cells

Abstract

MCP-1 has no direct effects on dermal fibroblasts but contributes to fibrosis in patients with SSc by inducing the differentiation of IL-4-producing T cells. Because MCP-1 has both proinflammatory and profibrotic effects, pharmacologic targeting of MCP-1 could be a promising therapeutic approach in SSc.