Publication | Closed Access
The Noise of Choked Jets
144
Citations
0
References
1953
Year
AeroacousticsEngineering Noise ControlFlow ControlJet ExitEngineeringNoise ControlAtmospheric AcousticEngineering AcousticLaminar Boundary LayerNoisePressure RatioSound PropagationAcoustic AnalysisHealth SciencesAerodynamic NoiseChoked JetsAerospace EngineeringAerodynamicsAcousticsComputational Acoustics
Jet noise shifts from a general roar to a loud whistling or screeching once the pressure ratio exceeds the critical value for sonic exit velocity, with ultrasonic waves produced by laminar‑to‑turbulent transition and turbulence–shock interactions, and larger disturbances involving the jet and surrounding air also generating audible effects related to edge tones. A two‑dimensional study demonstrates that these disturbances are self‑sustained by sound‑wave‑generated exit‑jet perturbations, predicts the sound‑field directionality that agrees with experiments, and shows that practical noise‑reduction methods can successfully lower the characteristic jet noise above the critical pressure.
The noise of a jet changes character after the pressure ratio exceeds the critical value appropriate to sonic exit velocity, the general roar being dominated by a loud “whistling” or “screeching.” Schlieren photographs show that sound waves of ultrasonic frequency are caused by the transition of the initially laminar boundary layer to turbulence and also by this turbulence interacting with the shock waves of the flow. Larger disturbances have also been noted, involving both the jet stream and some of the air external to the jet, and these also give rise to sound waves which have been photographed: it is these which are held responsible for the audible effects. A two-dimensional study has shown the latter phenomenon to be enhanced, and it is shown how the system of disturbances is self-maintained by virtue of sound waves creating initially small disturbances at the jet exit. The directionality of the sound field has been predicted and found in agreement with experiment, and the dimensions of the motion are compatible with the suggested mechanism. The relation to edge tones is pointed out and the mechanism indicated, a photograph of this phenomenon also being shown. Finally mention is made of how the characteristic noise of jets working above the critical pressure might be reduced, the suggested methods having been found successful in practice.