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Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat.
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1996
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Natural Fatty AcidsExperimental PharmacologyCellular PhysiologyMolecular PharmacologyMetabolic SyndromePeroxisome Proliferator-activated ReceptorsCell SignalingHealth SciencesMolecular PhysiologyHormonal ReceptorTissue DistributionReceptor (Biochemistry)EndocrinologyPharmacologyCell BiologyNuclear Hormone ReceptorSignal TransductionDevelopmental BiologyDifferential ExpressionPhysiologyMetabolic RegulationMedicineLipid Synthesis
PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors activated by xenobiotics and fatty acids that regulate lipid metabolism genes and adipocyte differentiation. The study aims to map the expression patterns of PPAR‑α, ‑β, and ‑γ in adult rat tissues. Expression patterns were determined by in situ hybridization with subtype‑specific probes and immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody recognizing all three rat PPARs. PPARs are co‑expressed in many ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal cell types, with PPAR‑α highly expressed in hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, enterocytes, and proximal tubule cells; PPAR‑β ubiquitously expressed at higher levels than α and γ; PPAR‑γ predominantly in adipose tissue and the immune system; these results suggest new directions for investigating subtype functions.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that can be activated by various xenobiotics and natural fatty acids. These transcription factors primarily regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and also play a role in adipocyte differentiation. We present the expression patterns of the PPAR subtypes in the adult rat, determined by in situ hybridization using specific probes for PPAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma, and by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody that recognizes the three rat PPAR subtypes. In numerous cell types from either ectodermal, mesodermal, or endodermal origin, PPARs are coexpressed, with relative levels varying between them from one cell type to the other. PPAR-alpha is highly expressed in hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, enterocytes, and the proximal tubule cells of kidney. PPAR-beta is expressed ubiquitously and often at higher levels than PPAR-alpha and -gamma. PPAR-gamma is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and the immune system. Our results suggest new potential directions to investigate the functions of the different PPAR subtypes.