Differential effects of sham feeding and meal ingestion on ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide levels: evidence for vagal efferent stimulation mediating ghrelin release¹

Abstract

Plasma ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations increase with sham feeding. This suggests a vagal efferent pathway mediating ghrelin release. In contrast to pancreatic polypeptide which rises with actual meal ingestion, ghrelin levels did not change.