A neighbourhood-constrained<i>k</i>-means approach to classify very high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery

Abstract

In classifying very high spatial resolution (VHR) hyperspectral imagery, intra-class variation often adversely affects classification accuracy, mainly due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high spatial heterogeneity. To address this problem, this article develops a neighbourhood-constrained k-means (NC-k-means) algorithm by incorporating the pure neighbourhood index into the traditional k-means algorithm. The performance of the NC-k-means algorithm was assessed through a series of simulated images and a real hyperspectral image. The results indicate that the classification accuracy of NC-k-means algorithm is consistently better than that of the traditional k-means algorithm, in particular for the images with significant spatial autocorrelations among neighbouring pixels.