The distribution of visceral primary afferents from the pelvic nerve to Lissauer's tract and the spinal gray matter and its relationship to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus

TLDR

Pelvic visceral reflexes are controlled by spinal and supraspinal mechanisms, requiring integration of somatic and autonomic inputs across the lumbar–sacral–coccygeal cord. The study mapped the central distribution of visceral primary afferent fibers from the cat pelvic nerve and their relationship to sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. Horseradish peroxidase tracing revealed that pelvic afferents project ipsilaterally to Lissauer’s tract, dorsal columns, dorsolateral funiculus, and spinal gray matter, forming a thin shell around lamina I of the dorsal horn and extending into laminae V–VI, with strongest labeling in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (S1–S3) and a differential intensity pattern favoring colon‑innervating neurons over bladder‑innervating ones.

Abstract

Abstract The central distribution of visceral primary afferent fibers from the pelvic nerve of the cat and the relationship of these fibers to preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic neurons (SPN) have been studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the cut pelvic nerve was detected ipsilaterally in preganglionic neurons and dorsal root ganglion cells (segments S 1 –S 3 ), and in central afferent projections to Lissauer's tract (LT), the dorsal columns, the dorsolateral funiculus, and spinal gray matter. The afferent projections were strongest in the region of the SPN (S 1 –S 3 ) but extended far beyond its limits (e.g., LT was labeled from L 4 to Cx 7 ). In the transverse plane, collateral fiber bundles formed a thin shell around the dorsal horn predominantly within lamina I and expanded into terminal fields in the gray matter. The more prominent lateral collateral projection (LCP) extended into laminae V and VI, whereas the medial one (MCP) ended in the dorsal commissure. In longitudinal planes these projections exhibited a periodicity with an interval of approximately 200 μm. The distribution of afferent collateral projections overlaps the regions where many preganglionic neurons and their dendritic extensions are located, and also areas known to contain interneurons involved in visceral pathways. A differential distribution of afferents within the SPN was noted where a higher intensity was observed in proximity to those neurons located in laminae V and VI, which innervate the colon, and a lower intensity near neurons located in lamina VII which innervate the bladder. This is consistent with the known spinal control of colon reflexes and the supraspinal control of bladder reflexes. The widespread rostrocaudal extent of the pelvic primary afferent projection is consistent with the necessity for the integration of somatic and autonomatic elements from various levels of the lumbo‐sacral‐coccygeal spinal cord in the performance of pelvic visceral functions.