X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Abstract

X-ray photoelectron spectra of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors with different Pb concentrations have been obtained. It is observed that Bi 4f and Sr 3d peaks show evidence of two possible bonding states. Incorporation of Pb into the structure is seen to increase the proportion of Sr and Bi atoms in the strongly bonded state. The relative atomic proportion of Sr and Ca also shows a significant change when Pb is added.