Nicotine & Tobacco Research · 2009 · 55 citations · 16 references
Public HealthHealth PolicyHealth PromotionAir Quality ManagementAir Quality PolicyTobacco ControlAir QualitySmoke-free PoliciesTobacco Control PolicyTobacco PolicyTobacco PreventionTobacco Use PreventionBehavioral Responses To Smoke-free PoliciesCompliance With Smoke-free LawsSmoke-free Air LawsSmoke-free Policy CoverageSmoke-free Policy EffectsSmoke-free Policy EvaluationSmoke-free Policy Impact EvaluationSmoke-free Policy Implementation
INTRODUCTION: The present study examined indoor air quality in a global sample of smoke-free and smoking-permitted Irish pubs. We hypothesized that levels of respirable suspended particles, an important marker of secondhand smoke, would be significantly lower in smoke-free Irish pubs than in pubs that allowed smoking. METHODS: Indoor air quality was assessed in 128 Irish pubs in 15 countries between 21 January 2004 and 10 March 2006. Air quality was evaluated using an aerosol monitor, which measures the level of fine particle (PM(2.5)) pollution in the air. A standard measurement protocol was used by data collectors across study sites. RESULTS: Overall, the level of air pollution inside smoke-free Irish pubs was 93% lower than the level found in pubs where smoking was permitted. DISCUSSION: Levels of indoor air pollution can be massively reduced by enacting and enforcing smoke-free policies.
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Geoffrey T. Fong, Andrew Hyland, David Hammond et al. · Tobacco Control · 2006 · 419 citations · Full text
Passive smoking and heart disease
Stanton A. Glantz, Peter Lee · Environment International · 1991 · 273 citations