Zero divisors and nilpotent elements in power series rings

David E. Fields

Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 1971 · 68 citations · 2 references

Concepts

Abstract

It is well known that a polynomial <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> over a commutative ring <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with identity is nilpotent if and only if each coefficient of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is nilpotent; and that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a zero divisor in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R left-bracket upper X right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R[X]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if and only if <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is annihilated by a nonzero element of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This paper considers the problem of determining when a power series <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> over <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is either nilpotent or a zero divisor in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R left-bracket left-bracket upper X right-bracket right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R[[X]]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . If <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper R"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is Noetherian, then <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is nilpotent if and only if each coefficient of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is nilpotent; and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g left-parenthesis upper X right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g(X)</mml:annotation> </mml:

References

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