Shock-Wave Compressions of Twenty-Seven Metals. Equations of State of Metals

TLDR

An explosive-driven shock wave is propagated through a 24ST aluminum plate into test specimens, with photometric velocity measurements converted via conservation relations and a theoretical Grüneisen ratio estimate to derive pressure–compression points and a high‑pressure equation of state. Pressure–compression curves for 27 metals, spanning roughly 150–400 kbar with 1–2 % compression uncertainty, were obtained and used to compute P–V–T equations of state, including application‑relevant data for 24ST aluminum.

Abstract

An explosive system is used to drive a strong shock wave into a plate of 24ST aluminum. This shock wave propagates through the 24ST aluminum into small test specimens which are in contact with the front surface of the plate. A photographic technique is used to measure velocities associated with the 24ST aluminum shock wave and with the shock wave in each specimen.The measured velocities are transformed, using the conservation relations, to pressure-compression points. Resulting pressure-compression curves are given for 27 metals. The range of data is different for each material but typically covers the pressure interval 150 to 400 kilobars; probable errors in reported experimental pressure-compression curves are 1 or 2% in compression for a given pressure.The experimental curves, which consist thermodynamically of a known $P$, $V$, $E$ locus for each material, are used to calculate a more complete high-pressure equation of state. This is done by means of a theoretical estimate of the volume variation of the Gr\"uneisen ratio $\ensuremath{\gamma}(V)=V{(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}P}{\ensuremath{\partial}E})}_{V}$. Calculated $P$, $V$, $T$ states are listed for the various materials. For 24ST aluminum, quantities of application in shock-wave hydrodynamics are also tabulated.