Journal of Applied Physics · 1989 · 401 citations · 6 references
Natural SciencesElectrical EngineeringElectromagneticsOpticsPropagationElectromagnetic WavesFourier OpticsMaxwell's EquationsPhysical OpticsBeam OpticsBeam PropagationGaussian Beam OpticsGaussian Beam PropagationGaussian OpticsInhomogeneous Dielectric MediaMode PropagationOptical Maxwell Equations
Fifth-order corrected expressions for the electromagnetic field components of a monochromatic fundamental Gaussian beam (i.e., a focused TEM00 mode laser beam) propagating within a homogeneous dielectric media are derived and presented. Calculations of relative error indicate that the fifth-order Gaussian beam description provides a significantly improved solution to Maxwell’s equations in comparison with commonly used paraxial (zeroth-order) and first-order Gaussian beam descriptions.
6
From Maxwell to paraxial wave optics
M. Lax, William H. Louisell, W. B. McKnight · Physical review. A, General physics · 1975 · 930 citations
Theory of electromagnetic beams
L. W. Davis · Physical review. A, General physics · 1979 · 657 citations