Physical Review Letters · 2000 · 4.5K citations · 12 references
Natural SciencesMathematicsDynamical SystemsInformation TheoryProbability TheoryEntropyInformation FlowInformation MeasuresMutual InformationStatistical MechanicsTime Delay EffectsCommon InformationConditional Mutual InformationInformation EntropyInformation TransmissionShannon Mutual InformationState Transition ProbabilitiesTransfer EntropyTransition Probabilities
An information theoretic measure is derived that quantifies the statistical coherence between systems evolving in time. The standard time delayed mutual information fails to distinguish information that is actually exchanged from shared information due to common history and input signals. In our new approach, these influences are excluded by appropriate conditioning of transition probabilities. The resulting transfer entropy is able to distinguish effectively driving and responding elements and to detect asymmetry in the interaction of subsystems.
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Information theory and statistics
Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1959 · 7.2K citations
Information Theory and Statistics.
Meyer Dwass, S. Kullback · American Mathematical Monthly · 1960 · 1.5K citations
Ergodic Theory and Information
D. S., Patrick Billingsley · Mathematics of Computation · 1966 · 1.1K citations