Low‐Temperature Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Lead‐Based Ferroelectric Niobates

Abstract

Technologically important lead‐based ferroelectric niobates of the type A(B′B″)O 3 (where A is Pb, B′ is Fe, Ni, Mg, or Zn, and B″ is Nb), and their solid solutions with barium titanate and lead titanate, have been prepared via a solution combustion process that involves metal nitrates/oxalate and tetraformal trisazine (TFTA) at a temperature of 350°C. The thermal evolution of perovskite niobates has been investigated at different calcination temperatures. Particulate properties such as density, particle size, and surface area have been determined. Particles are fine (<1 µm) and are sinter active at low temperature (1050°C). Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the lead‐based ferroelectrics that have been prepared via the low‐temperature method are reported in this paper.