Esterification of Carboxylic Acids by Alcohols with 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as Condensing Agent

Abstract

Abstract When mixtures of carboxylic acids or their sodium salts and alcohols were treated with 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the presence of pyridine under mild conditions, the corresponding carboxylic esters were formed. The yields and the rates of the ester formation depended on the types of the acids and the alcohols used.