Plantlet Regeneration from Electrostimulated Protoplasts of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.)

Abstract

Abstract Hypocotyl protoplasts from Helianthus annuus L. were electrically stimulated using different parameters and subsequently cultivated in agarose droplets with weekly changes of the liquid media. Macroscopic visible calli (0.1‐0.3 mm) were transferred onto solid media supplemented with different concentrations of NAA, BAP, and GA 3 . Colonies reaching a size of about 3 mm were isolated and further cultivated under the same conditions. Several calli originating from electrically stimulated protoplasts and especially those cultured on relative high auxin concentrations, generated somatic embryos which were characterized by a green globular shoot tip and a developing root. Later on differentiation of the shoot tip occurred on kinetin‐containing MS medium leading to plantlets with stunted shoot axis. No somatic embryos were initiated in control experiments with non‐stimulated protoplasts.