Deployment and release devices efforts at the Air Force Research Laboratory space vehicles directorate

Abstract

Small satellites require a variety of release devices to accomplish mission-related functions such as separation from the launch vehicle, separation from each other, and deployment of instruments. This paper summarizes low-shock non-pyrotechnic separation efforts that are being managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS). The AFRL/VS has been actively developing low-shock, non-pyrotechnic spacecraft release devices to mitigate problems associated with traditional pyrotechnic release devices. Specifically, pyrotechnic devices produce high shock, create unnecessary contamination, and have costly handling requirements due to their hazardous nature. Small satellites are particularly susceptible to shock related failure because of the close proximity of sensors and instruments to the shock source. Reducing shock-induced loads on the spacecraft dramatically lowers the overall cost of a spacecraft's design, testing, and operation. Lower loads allow spacecraft components, such as solar arrays and other flexible structures, to be made lighter and use less expensive materials. This results in both smaller mass and reduced production costs. The AFRL/VS is sponsoring the development of several innovative technologies that can provide solutions to these problems. The devices are being designed to replace existing separation and deployment systems.