Journal of Learning Disabilities · 2000 · 461 citations · 37 references
MedicinePediatricsSpecial EducationChild DevelopmentChild PsychiatryLearning DisabilitiesAttention DisordersAttention-deficit/hyperactivity DisorderLearning DisordersNeurodevelopmental DisordersReading DifficultiesSpelling DifficultiesAdhd DiagnosisAttentionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ComorbidityCognitive Dysfunction In ChildrenComorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental Attention DisordersLearning Disorders EpidemiologySpelling Disorders
The study analyzed clinical and psychoeducational data from 119 children aged 8–16 evaluated at a child diagnostic clinic. Among children with ADHD, 70% had a learning disability—most commonly in written expression (65%)—and those with both ADHD and LD exhibited more severe learning and attention problems, indicating that learning and attention difficulties are interrelated and often coexist.
Clinical and psychoeducational data were analyzed for 119 children ages 8 to 16 years who were evaluated in a child diagnostic clinic. A learning disability (LD) was present in 70% of the children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a learning disability in written expression two times more common (65%) than a learning disability in reading, math, or spelling. Children with LD and ADHD had more severe learning problems than children who had LD but no ADHD, and the former also had more severe attention problems than children who had ADHD but no LD. Further, children with ADHD but no LD had some degree of learning problem, and children with LD but no ADHD had some degree of attention problem. Results suggest that learning and attention problems are on a continuum, are interrelated, and usually coexist.
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