Cognitive Function and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in HIV-infected Children Older Than 1 Year of Age Randomized to Early Versus Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract

In HIV-infected children surviving beyond 1 year of age without ART, neurodevelopmental outcomes were similar with ART initiation at CD4 15%-24% versus <15%, but both groups performed worse than HIV-uninfected children. The window of opportunity for a positive effect of ART initiation on neurodevelopment may remain in infancy.