Facile fabrication of aligned doubly open-ended TiO2 nanotubes, via a selective etching process, for use in front-illuminated dye sensitized solar cells

Abstract

A simple selective etching process easily removed a 2nd anodized TiO(2) nanotubes (TNTs) layer from a physically stable 1st anodized TNTs layer to produce noncurling, freestanding, large-area aligned doubly open-ended TNTs. These TNTs were easily transferred to a conducting glass for use in fabricating front-illuminated dye sensitized solar cells.