Epinephrine Affects Hemodynamics of Noninnervated Normal and All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Treated Embryonic Chick Hearts

Abstract

Epinephrine affects hemodynamics in both normal embryos and retinoic-acid-treated embryos prior to sympathetic innervation. A significant difference in hemodynamics exists between stage 24 normal and retinoic-acid-treated embryos. The underlying mechanism for the observed hemodynamic changes will need to be investigated.