Metaheuristics in Combinatorial Optimization

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44.6K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Algorithms +10

An introduction to probability theory and its applications

Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1958 · 30K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Probability Theory +11

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.9K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +16

Genetic Algorithms in Search

D. E. Goldberg · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 1989 · 10.1K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +11

Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem

Marco Dorigo, Luca Maria Gambardella · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · 1997 · 8K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +16