Comparison of the ACL and ACL graft forces before and after ACL reconstruction an in-vitro robotic investigation

Abstract

Contemporary single bundle ACL reconstruction restores anterior tibial translation under anterior tibial load with different forces (both magnitude and orientation) in the graft compared to the intact ACL. Such graft function might alter knee kinematics in other degrees of freedom and could overly constrain the tibial rotation. An anatomic ACL reconstruction should reproduce the magnitude and orientation of the intact ACL force vector, so that the 6-degrees-of-freedom knee kinematics and joint reaction forces can be restored.