The life cycles and age of <i>Carabus glabratus</i> Paykull and <i>C.problematicus</i> Herbst (Col.: Carabidae) on moorland in northern England

Abstract

Abstract. 1. The life cycles of C.glabratus and C.problematicus on moorland in northern England were studied in 1967. C.glabratus was a spring/summer breeder whilst C.problematicus was a late summer/autumn breeder and both had biennial life cycles. 2. Mandible wear and reproductive condition were used to indicate the age of the adults; some females lived for at least 2 years and probably three, with a distinct regression of their ovaries between each breeding season. 3. Mandible wear affected their ability to feed and thus build up fat reserves or develop eggs. Individuals with extreme mandible wear may die of starvation.