SDX-308, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits NF-κB activity, resulting in strong inhibition of osteoclast formation/activity and multiple myeloma cell growth

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is characterized by increased osteoclast activity that results in bone destruction and lytic lesions. With the prolonged overall patient survival achieved by new treatment modalities, additional drugs are required to inhibit bone destruction. We focused on a novel and more potent structural analog of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug etodolac, known as SDX-308, and its effects on osteoclastogenesis and multiple myeloma cells. SDX-101 is another structural analog of etodolac that is already used in clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Compared with SDX-101, a 10-fold lower concentration of SDX-308 induced potent (60%-80%) inhibition of osteoclast formation, and a 10- to 100-fold lower concentration inhibited multiple myeloma cell proliferation. Bone resorption was completely inhibited by SDX-308, as determined in dentin-based bone resorption assays. SDX-308 decreased constitutive and RANKL-stimulated NF-kappaB activation and osteoclast formation in an osteoclast cellular model, RAW 264.7. SDX-308 effectively suppressed TNF-alpha-induced IKK-gamma and IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation in human multiple myeloma cells. These results indicate that SDX-308 effectively inhibits multiple myeloma cell proliferation and osteoclast activity, potentially by controlling NF-kappaB activation signaling. We propose that SDX-308 is a promising therapeutic candidate to inhibit multiple myeloma growth and osteoclast activity and that it should receive attention for further study.