Potentiation of action of warfarin by itraconazole.

Abstract

the first recorded association of dysphagia with fluspirilene, although four episodes of dystonia and one dyskinetic reaction have occurred since 1975.Acute dystonic reactions are well recognised with neuroleptic drugs,' but acute dystonic dys- phagia has only recently been reported; Newton- John described the condition in two patients, the causal drug probably being metoclopramide, although prochlorperazine was implicated in one.'The treatment of choice for acute dystonic reactions is an anticholinergic drug.Persistent dystonia, however, may prove resistant to drugs.The treatment options include anticholinergic drugs, levodopa, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, tetrabenazine, and even phenothiazines or butyro- phenones.'Also, with the recognition of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin A in spasmodic dysphonia' this may offer an alternative acceptable solution to the problem of dystonic dysphagia when withdrawal of the causal neuroleptic is not clinically feasible.