Desferrioxamine ototoxicity: evaluation of risk factors in thalassaemic patients and guidelines for safe dosage

TLDR

The study aimed to identify risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in thalassaemic patients and to develop safe desferrioxamine dosing guidelines. Forty‑seven thalassaemia patients were evaluated to assess DFO exposure and serum ferritin levels. Sensorineural hearing loss occurred only in patients previously treated with desferrioxamine, with the highest risk associated with the maximum DFO dose and serum ferritin <2000 µg/L; a therapeutic index (daily DFO dose / serum ferritin) >0.025 predicted risk, and reducing the index below 0.025 stabilized or improved hearing in follow‑up audiometry.

Abstract

Summary Forty‐seven patients with thalassaemia have been studied to define risk factors for development of sensorineural hearing loss, and to establish guidelines for safe chelation. Sensorineural hearing loss was only present in patients who had previously received desferrioxamine (DFO). The two most significant risk factors were the maximum dose of DFO previously received ( P &lt; 0.01), and a serum ferritin of &lt; 2000 μg/1 at that time ( P &lt; 0.001). A therapeutic index obtained from the ratio of the mean daily dose of DFO mg/kg divided by the serum ferritin identifies patients with a ratio of &gt; 0.025 as at risk of sensorineural hearing loss ( P &lt; 0.001) and can be used as a guideline for safe DFO dosage. Follow‐up audiometry of the affected patients over a 2‐year period indicated that adjustment of the dose to a therapeutic index of &lt; 0.025 resulted in the stabilization of hearing loss in seven patients and improvement in two.