Chemistry - A European Journal · 2004 · 294 citations · 53 references
New LigandsChemical EngineeringCross-coupling ReactionEngineeringSelective MetallationHeteroaryl ChloridesGeneral Palladium‐catalyzed AminationOrganic ChemistryMonodentate N-substituted HeteroarylphosphinesCatalysisOrganometallic CatalysisChemistryHeterocycle ChemistryAsymmetric CatalysisBiomolecular Engineering
The synthesis and application of monodentate N-substituted heteroarylphosphines is described. In general, the ligands are conveniently prepared by selective metallation at the 2-position of the respective N-substituted heterocycle (pyrrole, indole) by using n-butyllithium/tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) followed by quenching with dialkyl- or diarylchlorophosphines. Of the different ligands prepared, the new dialkyl-2-(N-arylindolyl)phosphines (cataCXium P) perform excellently in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides. Coupling of both activated and deactivated chloroarenes proceeds under mild conditions (room temperature to 60 degrees C). By using optimized conditions remarkable catalyst productivity (total turnover number, TON, up to 8000) and activity (turnover frequency, TOF=14000 h(-1) at 75% conversion) are observed.
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Artis Klapars, Jon C. Antilla, Xiaohua Huang et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2001 · 1K citations
Aryl Halides, Chemical Engineering, Cross-coupling Reaction +12
John F. Hartwig, Motoi Kawatsura, Sheila I. Hauck et al. · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · 1999 · 764 citations
Commercial Ligand, Chemical Engineering, Room Temperature +12