Urological Complications of Cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Summary Cyclophosphamide may cause fibrosis of the bladder in a significant number of patients. Most will be asymptomatic but the fibrosis can lead to reflux. Cystitis, frequently haemorrhagic, occurs in 10–40 % of patients and usually responds to withdrawal of the drug. Active measures to stop the bleeding may be required. Bleeding from the upper urinary tract is rare. The association of bladder tumours with cyclophosphamide cystitis has been reported in only 2 cases.