Sea Surface Temperature Response to Tropical Cyclones

Abstract

Abstract The response of sea surface temperature (SST) to tropical cyclones is studied using gridded SST data and global cyclone tracks from the period 1981–2008. A compositing approach is used whereby temperature time series before and after cyclone occurrence at individual cyclone track positions are averaged together. Results reveal a variability of several days in the time of maximum cooling with respect to cyclone passage, with the most common occurrence 1 day after cyclone passage. When compositing is carried out relative to the day of maximum cooling, the global average response to cyclone passage is a local minimum SST anomaly of −0.9°C. The recovery of the ocean to cyclone passage is generally quite rapid with 44% of the data points recovering to climatological SST within 5 days, and 88% of the data points recovering within 30 days. Although differences exist between the mean results from the separate tropical cyclone basins, they are in broad agreement with the global mean results. Storm intensity and translation speed affect both the size of the SST response and the recovery time. Cyclones occurring in the first half of the cyclone season disrupt the seasonal warming trend, which is not resumed until 20–30 days after cyclone passage. Conversely, cyclone occurrences in the later half of the season bring about a 0.5°C temperature drop from which the ocean does not recover due to the seasonal cooling cycle.