Electrospinning of Polymeric and Ceramic Nanofibers as Uniaxially Aligned Arrays

TLDR

Electrospinning has been used to produce uniaxially aligned nanofibers of polymers, ceramics, and polymer/ceramic composites. A collector with two conductive substrates separated by a tunable gap allows charged nanofibers to be stretched across the gap, forming large‑area uniaxially aligned arrays that can be transferred onto other substrates. The method successfully incorporates materials such as organic polymers, graphite carbon, and metal oxides, enabling fabrication of devices like single‑fiber electrodes, crossbar junction arrays, and optical polarizers.

Abstract

Electrospinning has been applied to prepare uniaxially aligned nanofibers made of organic polymers, ceramics, and polymer/ceramic composites. The key to the success of this method was the use of a collector consisting of two pieces of electrically conductive substrates separated by a gap whose width could be varied from hundreds of micrometers to several centimeters. As driven by electrostatic interactions, the charged nanofibers were stretched to span across the gap and thus to become uniaxially aligned arrays over large areas. Because the nanofibers were suspended over the gap, they could be conveniently transferred onto the surfaces of other substrates for subsequent treatments and various applications. Materials that have been successfully incorporated into this procedure include conventional organic polymers, graphite carbon, and metal oxides. By controlling the parameters for electrospinning, we have also fabricated a number of simple device structures, for example, an individual nanofiber spanning across two electrodes, 2D arrays of crossbar junctions, and optical polarizers.