Algorithm-based coagulation management of catastrophic amniotic fluid embolism

Abstract

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare, but often catastrophic, complication of pregnancy and associated with severe coagulopathy. We present an algorithm-based approach in managing coagulopathy and hemorrhage in a fatal case of histopathologically proven AFE. Thrombelastometry was used for rapid evaluation of the coagulation status. Stop of extensive hyperfibrinolysis with tranexamic acid, stabilization of initial clot formation with high-dose fibrinogen and platelet transfusions, and use of prothrombin complex concentrate together with a 1: 1 transfusion regimen of red packed cells and fresh frozen plasma was successful to control diffuse bleeding and restore clot firmness after hysterectomy. Stable clotting situation was maintained despite further clinical deterioration and development of multiple organ failure in this patient.