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Hexanedioic acid mediated surface–ligand-exchange process for transferring NaYF4:Yb/Er (or Yb/Tm) up-converting nanoparticles from hydrophobic to hydrophilic

Chemical EngineeringUp-converting NanoparticlesEngineeringSurface FunctionalizationNanomaterialsSurface–ligand-exchange ProcessHexanedioic AcidChemistryFunctional MaterialsProtein Nanoparticles