Closure to “Subsurface Characterization at Ground Failure Sites in Adapazari, Turkey” by Jonathan D. Bray, Rodolfo B. Sancio, Turan Durgunoglu, Akin Onalp, T. Leslie Youd, Jonathan P. Stewart, Raymond B. Seed, Onder K. Cetin, Ertan Bol, M. B. Baturay, C. Christensen, and T. Karadayilar

Abstract

The authors of the aforementioned article, written in July 2004, respond to discussers' questions and comments concerning liquefaction and bearing capacity. They believe that providing additional information on soil properties and dynamic analyses from follow-up investigations will resolve the differing opinions. The closure discusses soil index properties of shallow soils, liquefaction of silts and clays, soil static strength, and static and seismic bearing capacity. Research found that building movements and damage were usually less severe at sites where buildings were directly underlain by clay, and greater at sites where liquefaction was observed or calculated to have occurred. Studies continue on the foundation failure mechanism.