Protein Kinase C Activates the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump Isoform 4b by Phosphorylation of an Inhibitory Region Downstream of the Calmodulin-binding Domain

Abstract

The carboxyl-terminal region of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump isoform 4b contains two autoinhibitory regions which keep the pump inactive in the absence of activators such as calmodulin. One of these regions is approximately coterminous with the calmodulin-binding domain, while the second region is downstream (Verma, A. K., Enyedi, A., Filoteo, A. G., and Penniston, J. T. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1687-1691). The carboxyl-terminal region has also been identified as the site for phosphorylation of this isoform by protein kinase C (Wang, K. K. W., Wright, L. C., Machan, C. L., Allen, B. G., Conigrave, A. D., and Roufogalis, B. D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9078-9085). Using constructs lacking various numbers of residues at the carboxyl terminus, we studied the degree of phosphorylation by protein kinase C and the resultant activation of Ca2+ transport. The results showed that the most specific and easy phosphorylation occurred in a region of about 20 residues which is downstream of the calmodulin-binding domain, and that the downstream inhibitory domain had also about the same size and location. Phosphorylation partially activated the pump by removing only the inhibition due to this region. Binding of calmodulin to the calmodulin-binding domain activated the pump more fully by removing the inhibition due to both regions, regardless of the state of phosphorylation at the downstream inhibitory region.