Single cell recordings from tsetse <i>(Glossina m.morsitans)</i> antennae reveal olfactory, mechano ‐ and cold receptors

Abstract

Abstract. Action potentials from individual cells and receptor potentials were recorded from antennae (funiculi) of living tsetse flies, Glossina m.morsitans Westwood, using a ‘surface‐contact’ recording technique. Stimuli were pressure of the electrode, changes in temperature and the vapours of l‐octen‐3–ol, acetone, 3–methylphenol, dichloromethane and CO 2 . Two types of mechano‐receptive cells were found. One type only fired action potentials when pressure was increased, the other type continued firing when pressure was maintained. Of the 182 cells tested for their sensitivity to temperature change and the odour stimuli, 19% did not respond to any of the stimuli, suggesting that we are still unaware of cues which may be of import to the flies, and 4% responded to temperature only, increasing and decreasing their activity with a decrement and increment in temperature, respectively. Of the 141 cells which were olfactory receptors, 52% responded to 1‐octen‐3–ol and 40% were exclusively sensitive to this substance. For 3–methylphenol these percentages were 23 and 18, for acetone 13 and 11, for dichloromethane 12 and 7, for CO 2 13 and 13. No clustering of cell types in certain areas of the funiculi was found, nor was a difference apparent between the sexes. The majority of the olfactory cells responded by increasing their activities on odour stimulation. Inhibition was found in three cells only, in which spontaneous activity was suppressed on stimulation with 3–methylphenol. Spike responses were phasic‐tonic and varied between two extremes: Cells showing relatively rapid cessation of spike activity after the end of stimulation, and cells which continued firing for several seconds or minutes after stimulation. Possible behavioural effects of the activities of the various cell types are discussed.