Pneumatic nebulisers and spray chambers for inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. A review. Part 1. Nebulisers

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive description of the mechanism of operation and operating characteristics of pneumatic nebulisers and spray chambers used for analytical atomic spectrometry. The relevant literature has been reviewed and new data presented that elucidate the geometric and parametric factors that determine performance. Based on these findings suggestions for new designs are presented and a set of benchmark tests advocated that enable the objective comparison of different systems.