Monitoring program protects transformers from geomagnetic effects

Abstract

An application program that was written on a control center energy management system (EMS) to monitor transformers in a bulk power system for the effect of geomagnetic-induced current (GIC) flows is described. The monitoring program is based on summing the Mvar around a transformer and subtracting from that result the Mvar that theory predicts is being consumed by the transformer. The results of using the program and implementation considerations are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>