Technique for the calibration of thermal voltage converters using a Josephson waveform synthesizer and a transconductance amplifier

Abstract

This paper describes a simple and effective technique for calibrating thermal converters for an ac–dc voltage transfer difference using a Josephson waveform synthesizer and a transconductance amplifier. Preliminary measurements and uncertainty analysis confirm the possibility of achieving systematic uncertainties below 0.1 µV V−1 at frequencies up to 1 kHz.