Modeling Cadmium Adsorption by Activated Carbon Using the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Expressions

Abstract

Abstract Cadmium adsorption isotherms were conducted using two commercially available powdered activated carbons (PACs). Isotherms were conducted at several pH values and metal and carbon concentrations. Both PACs removed significant amounts of cadmium, and removal was a strong function of solution pH: increasing the solution pH increased cadmium adsorption. Adsorption data at a specific pH were successfully modeled using both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption and surface precipitation were hypothesized to be the operative removal mechanisms. Cadmium removal is strongly related to the carbon's pHzpc, acid-base characteristics, and surface charge-pH relationship. Surface area, an important adsorption parameter for organic adsorbates, does not appear to influence metal removal strongly.